A E T H E R

The universe, meaning the boundless extent of space, is filled with an anisotropic gas fluid, called aether. The motion and mutual collisions of the ultimate fundamental constituents of this fluid, termed gyrons, determine the aether pressure and temperature, which are extremely high (likely corresponding to the values derived by Planck).

The undisturbed aether is in thermal equilibrium, and the pressure is equalized everywhere in the universe. This condition represents the vacuum state. A disturbance of the equilibrium can generate transient and permanent periodic dynamic structures in the aether, such as waves and vortices. The waves correspond to the electromagnetic radiation, while the vortices are manifested as electrons and other material structures, such as protons, neutrons, and various mesons and barions.

Consequently, the observed physical reality corresponds to the distribution of these disturbances in the aether, which modify the vacuum state.

The phase space for a single gyron has ten dimensions, the kinetics of gyrons is very involved, and the equation of state for the aether is not known yet. However, it is possible to employ Euler's conservation equations to derive relevant field equations which describe the dynamics of the aether.

Beside the statistical fluctuation of gyron density, which causes the Heisenberg uncertainty, the spatial distribution of gyrons, and their velocity, determine the type of non-uniformities in the aether, which, if stable, are manifested as matter and radiation.

Since the number of gyrons in the universe is conserved, and because they are incompressible, the ratio between the space occupied by the gyrons, and the remaining void space, is also conserved, so that the continuity equation applies to this quantity.

The second conserved quantity is the flow of gyrons, termed moventum, which is represented by g v, so that

where T is termed the collision tensor. The form of this tensor depends on the shape of the gyrons, defining the kinetics in the aether.

In gases with convex-shaped molecules, where momentum dispersion occurs in the collision process, the divergence of T describes pressure and viscosity, while in the aether, for gyrons with a semi-concave form, the divergence of the collision tensor describes pressure and a focusing effect that opposes dispersion. While viscosity results in an increase of entropy, the focusing effect in the collision process can in certain dynamic configurations reduce the entropy, thus, enabling formation of permanent dynamic structures such as photons and electrons.

Therefore, whether entropy increases, or decreases in the aether, depends on the specific kinetic process in which the convective acceleration of the aether is either dispersed, or concentrated. 

                              and

                                                            where the divergence of the tensor W corresponds to nuclear force fields. 

For consistency of this formulation, it was also determined that there must exist the following relationship, termed the Lorentz gauge, between the defining potentials

By taking the divergence of E, its source is determined; thus, in conjunction with the Lorentz gauge, we get 

describing the nuclear structure associated with charge density, whose form is not specified in Maxwell's formulation. The Maxwell equations are linear due to exclusion of the short-range nuclear field. 

                        and the vector potential as

then the Lorentz gauge corresponds to the continuity equation for the gyrons, and the electric field is related to the convective acceleration, provided that the scalar potential is related to the potential in the aether. This follows because the divergence of T can be separated as

where Y is termed the steric tensor, so that 

            
expresses the source of this field.  Thus, 

               accounts for the nuclear structure associated with charge density, which gives rise to the electroweak force in the electron. 

                and the vector potential

                where

              and

generate the transverse E and B fields which satisfy all the experimental findings associated with the photon, both of classical and quantum physics. 

Above, lambda is the wavelength, so that the radius of the photon is given as 
                 

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and the vector potential

                   plus the tensor  

specify a vortex structure that accounts for the  electromagnetic and gravitational fields associated with the electron. Details are covered in the BOOK, and the website http://www.gyrons.net 

where  ,    , and the electron radius is derived from energy of the fields.